We present SODA: the first publicly available, million-scale high-quality social dialogue dataset. Using SODA, we train COSMO: a generalizable conversation agent outperforming previous best-performing agents on both in- and out-of-domain datasets. In contrast to most existing crowdsourced, small-scale dialogue corpora, we distill 1.5M socially-grounded dialogues from a pre-trained language model (InstructGPT; Ouyang et al., 2022). Dialogues are distilled by contextualizing social commonsense knowledge from a knowledge graph (Atomic10x; West et al., 2022). Human evaluation shows that dialogues in SODA are more consistent, specific, and (surprisingly) natural than prior human-authored datasets - e.g., DailyDialog (Li et al., 2017), BlendedSkillTalk (Smith et al., 2020). In addition, extensive evaluations show that COSMO is significantly more natural and consistent on unseen datasets than best-performing dialogue models - e.g., GODEL (Peng et al., 2022), BlenderBot (Roller et al., 2021), DialoGPT (Zhang et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is sometimes even preferred to the original human-written gold responses. We make our data, models, and code public.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Finetuning language models on a collection of datasets phrased as instructions has been shown to improve model performance and generalization to unseen tasks. In this paper we explore instruction finetuning with a particular focus on (1) scaling the number of tasks, (2) scaling the model size, and (3) finetuning on chain-of-thought data. We find that instruction finetuning with the above aspects dramatically improves performance on a variety of model classes (PaLM, T5, U-PaLM), prompting setups (zero-shot, few-shot, CoT), and evaluation benchmarks (MMLU, BBH, TyDiQA, MGSM, open-ended generation). For instance, Flan-PaLM 540B instruction-finetuned on 1.8K tasks outperforms PALM 540B by a large margin (+9.4% on average). Flan-PaLM 540B achieves state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks, such as 75.2% on five-shot MMLU. We also publicly release Flan-T5 checkpoints, which achieve strong few-shot performance even compared to much larger models, such as PaLM 62B. Overall, instruction finetuning is a general method for improving the performance and usability of pretrained language models.

反转合是药物发现的主要任务。通过许多现有方法，它被称为生成图的问题。具体而言，这些方法首先识别反应中心，并相应地打破靶分子以生成合成子。反应物是通过顺序添加到合成图或直接添加正确的离开组来生成反应物。但是，两种策略都遭受了添加原子以来会导致长期的预测顺序，从而增加了产生难度，同时添加离开组只能考虑训练集中的序列，从而导致概括不佳。在本文中，我们提出了一个新颖的端到端图生成模型，用于逆转录合成预测，该模型顺序识别反应中心，生成合成子，并将基序添加到合成子中以生成反应物。由于化学有意义的基序比原子大，比离开组还小，因此与添加原子相比，与添加离开组相比，我们的方法的预测复杂性较低。基准数据集上的实验表明，所提出的模型显着胜过先前的最新算法。

在本文中，我们解决了物体的主动机器人3D重建问题。特别是，我们研究了带有武器摄像机的移动机器人如何选择有利数量的视图来有效地恢复对象的3D形状。与现有的问题解决方案相反，我们利用了流行的神经辐射字段的对象表示，最近对各种计算机视觉任务显示了令人印象深刻的结果。但是，直接推荐使用这种表示形式的对象的显式3D几何细节，这并不是很直接的，这使得对密度3D重建的下一最佳视图选择问题具有挑战性。本文介绍了基于射线的容积不确定性估计器，该估计量沿对象隐式神经表示的每个光线沿每个射线的重量分布计算重量分布的熵。我们表明，考虑到提出的估计量的新观点，可以推断基础3D几何形状的不确定性。然后，我们提出了一个由基于射线的体积不确定性在基于神经辐射字段的表示中的指导下进行的最佳视图选择策略。令人鼓舞的关于合成和现实世界数据的实验结果表明，本文提出的方法可以使新的研究方向在机器人视觉应用中使用隐式的3D对象表示对次要的观察问题，从而将我们的方法与现有方法区分开依赖于显式3D几何建模的方法。

由于缺乏异常样品，因此仅具有正常样本的先验知识的异常检测才吸引更多的注意力。现有的基于CNN的像素重建方法遇到了两个问题。首先，重建源和目标是包含无法区分的语义信息的原始像素值。其次，CNN倾向于很好地重建正常样品和异常情况，使它们仍然很难区分。在本文中，我们提出异常检测变压器（ADTR）将变压器应用于重建预训练的特征。预训练的功能包含可区分的语义信息。同样，采用变压器限制以很好地重构异常，因此一旦重建失败，就可以轻松检测到异常。此外，我们提出了新的损失函数，使我们的方法与正常样本的情况以及具有图像级和像素级标记为异常的异常情况兼容。通过添加简单的合成或外部无关异常，可以进一步提高性能。广泛的实验是在包括MVTEC-AD和CIFAR-10在内的异常检测数据集上进行的。与所有基线相比，我们的方法取得了卓越的性能。

我们介绍了Realtime QA，这是一个动态的问答（QA）平台，该平台宣布问题并定期评估系统（此版本每周）。实时质量检查询问当前世界，质量检查系统需要回答有关新事件或信息的问题。因此，它挑战了QA数据集中的静态，常规假设，并追求瞬时应用。我们在包括GPT-3和T5在内的大型语言模型上建立了强大的基线模型。我们的基准是一项持续的努力，该初步报告在过去一个月中提出了实时评估结果。我们的实验结果表明，GPT-3通常可以根据新的退休文档正确更新其生成结果，从而突出了最新信息检索的重要性。尽管如此，我们发现GPT-3倾向于在检索文件时返回过时的答案，这些文件没有提供足够的信息来找到答案。这表明了未来研究的重要途径：开放式域质量检查系统是否可以确定无法回答的案例，并与用户甚至检索模块进行通信以修改检索结果？我们希望实时质量检查能够刺激问题答案及其他问题的瞬时应用。

本文研究了通过机器学习模型估计特征对特定实例预测的贡献的问题，以及功能对模型的总体贡献。特征（变量）对预测结果的因果效应反映了该特征对预测的贡献。一个挑战是，如果没有已知的因果图，就无法从数据中估算大多数现有的因果效应。在本文中，我们根据假设的理想实验定义了解释性因果效应。该定义给不可知论的解释带来了一些好处。首先，解释是透明的，具有因果关系。其次，解释性因果效应估计可以数据驱动。第三，因果效应既提供了特定预测的局部解释，又提供了一个全局解释，显示了一个特征在预测模型中的总体重要性。我们进一步提出了一种基于解释性因果效应来解释的方法和组合变量的方法。我们显示了对某些现实世界数据集的实验的定义和方法。

尽管无监督的异常检测迅速发展，但现有的方法仍需要训练不同对象的单独模型。在这项工作中，我们介绍了完成具有统一框架的多个类别的异常检测。在如此具有挑战性的环境下，流行的重建网络可能属于“相同的快捷方式”，在这种捷径中，正常样本和异常样本都可以很好地恢复，因此无法发现异常值。为了解决这一障碍，我们取得了三个改进。首先，我们重新审视完全连接的层，卷积层以及注意力层的配方，并确认查询嵌入（即注意层内）在防止网络学习快捷键方面的重要作用。因此，我们提出了一个层的查询解码器，以帮助建模多级分布。其次，我们采用一个邻居掩盖的注意模块，以进一步避免从输入功能到重建的输出功能的信息泄漏。第三，我们提出了一种功能抖动策略，即使使用嘈杂的输入，也敦促模型恢复正确的消息。我们在MVTEC-AD和CIFAR-10数据集上评估了我们的算法，在该数据集中，我们通过足够大的利润率超过了最先进的替代方案。例如，当在MVTEC-AD中学习15个类别的统一模型时，我们在异常检测的任务（从88.1％到96.5％）和异常定位（从89.5％到96.8％）上超过了第二个竞争者。代码将公开可用。

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely applied in the semi-supervised node classification task, where a key point lies in how to sufficiently leverage the limited but valuable label information. Most of the classical GNNs solely use the known labels for computing the classification loss at the output. In recent years, several methods have been designed to additionally utilize the labels at the input. One part of the methods augment the node features via concatenating or adding them with the one-hot encodings of labels, while other methods optimize the graph structure by assuming neighboring nodes tend to have the same label. To bring into full play the rich information of labels, in this paper, we present a label-enhanced learning framework for GNNs, which first models each label as a virtual center for intra-class nodes and then jointly learns the representations of both nodes and labels. Our approach could not only smooth the representations of nodes belonging to the same class, but also explicitly encode the label semantics into the learning process of GNNs. Moreover, a training node selection technique is provided to eliminate the potential label leakage issue and guarantee the model generalization ability. Finally, an adaptive self-training strategy is proposed to iteratively enlarge the training set with more reliable pseudo labels and distinguish the importance of each pseudo-labeled node during the model training process. Experimental results on both real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate our approach can not only consistently outperform the state-of-the-arts, but also effectively smooth the representations of intra-class nodes.